Understand the fundamentals
An address identifies a network interface
An IP address is the address used to send traffic to a device’s network connection. That connection is called its interface. A subnet mask, also written as a prefix, tells the device which addresses belong to its local network. The device uses it to decide if a destination is local or must be reached through a router.
A MAC address is a hardware ID for a network interface. It is used for delivery inside the local network. It is different from an IP address and from a miner’s serial number. Inventory records can link these IDs together. But replacing the control board or changing network settings can break that link. Never assume an old IP address proves the same physical machine is still there.
See how it works
Configuration can be assigned automatically
DHCP is a service that hands out network settings automatically. It gives them out for a set time, called a lease, and the address can change later. A lease can include an IP address, subnet information, the gateway and DNS servers (DNS is explained below). A static configuration is set on purpose, by a person or an approved tool, and does not change on its own. Either way, the site must keep accurate records and approve how addresses are given out.
A duplicate address means two or more devices use the same IP address. Access to them can then fail or come and go. Picking an address that looks free can cause this. Finding devices on the network (discovery) and assigning addresses should follow the site’s approved network process.
| Term | What it does | Question it helps answer |
|---|---|---|
| IP address | Identifies one network connection | Which address am I trying to reach? |
| Subnet | Shows which addresses are local | Is the destination local? |
| Gateway | Route outside the local network | Where does traffic for other networks go? |
| DHCP | Hands out settings automatically | How did the device get its settings? |
| DNS | Turns names into addresses | Which IP address does this name point to? |
Connect it to the field
Names need resolution
DNS (the Domain Name System) turns names into network information, such as IP addresses. Looking up a name this way is called name resolution. For example, DNS turns the pool’s hostname (its server name) into the pool’s IP address. A hostname is easier to manage than a fixed address, but the miner needs working DNS to use it. A device can reach an IP address and still fail to look up a name. That is a name-lookup problem, not a broken Ethernet link.
For example, a miner moved to another network may keep an old gateway or DNS setting that no longer fits. Record its current settings and location for the network team. Do not copy values from another device. The right settings depend on the network the miner is on, not on the miner brand.
A name lookup happens before the pool connection
Swipe sideways to follow the full diagram →
Terms used in this lesson
- IP address
- An address used to communicate with a network interface.
- DHCP
- A service that can supply network configuration automatically.
- DNS
- Looks up a name, such as a pool hostname, and returns its IP address.
Optional references & further reading
Use current manufacturer instructions for the exact equipment and your site’s approved procedures. Course levels do not grant task authorization.